The American Pageant, 15th Edition Solutions manual and test bank David Kennedy | Lizabeth Cohen

Cengage Advantage Books: The American Pageant, 15th Edition Solutions manual and test bank David Kennedy | Lizabeth Cohen

Chapter 2—The Planting of English America, 1500-1733

SHORT ANSWER

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:

1. Lord De La Warr

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2. Pocahontas

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3. Powhatan

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4. Handsome Lake

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5. John Rolfe

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6. Lord Baltimore

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7. Walter Raleigh

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8. James Oglethorpe

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9. Humphrey Gilbert

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10. Oliver Cromwell

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11. John Smith

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12. Francis Drake

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13. William Penn

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14. Henry VIII

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15. Elizabeth I

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16. Philip II

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17. James I

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18. Charles II

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19. Deganawidah and Hiawatha

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20. George II

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Define and state the historical significance of the following:

21. nation-state

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22. joint-stock company

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23. slavery

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24. enclosure

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25. House of Burgesses

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26. royal charter

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27. slave codes

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28. yeoman

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29. proprietor

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30. longhouse

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31. squatter

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32. law of primogeniture

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33. indentured servitude

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34. starving time

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35. sea dogs

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36. surplus population

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Describe and state the historical significance of the following:

37. First Anglo-Powhatan War

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38. Second Anglo-Powhatan War

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39. Maryland Act of Toleration

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40. Barbados slave code

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41. Virginia Company

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42. Restoration

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43. Act of Toleration

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44. Savannah Indians

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45. Iroquois Confederacy

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46. Ireland

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47. Santa Fe

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48. Jamestown

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49. Charles Town

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50. Tuscarora War

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51. Protestant Reformation

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52. Spanish Armada

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53. Powhatan's Confederacy

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54. Chesapeake

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55. English Civil War

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56. Quakers

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COMPLETION

Locate the following places by reference number on the map:

57. ____ North Carolina

ANS: 3

58. ____ Roanoke Island

ANS: 11

59. ____ Pennsylvania

ANS: 1

60. ____ Virginia

ANS: 2

61. ____ Savannah

ANS: 14

62. ____ Jamestown

ANS: 10

63. ____ South Carolina

ANS: 12

64. ____ Maryland

ANS: 8

65. ____ Chesapeake Bay

ANS: 9

66. ____ Georgia

ANS: 4

MULTIPLE CHOICE

67. The settlement founded in the early 1600s that was the most consequential for the future United States was the

a.	Spanish at Santa Fe in 1610.
b.	French at Quebec in 1608.
c.	English at Jamestown in 1607.
d.	English at Massachusetts Bay in 1621.
e.	French at Saint Augustine in 1611.

ANS: C REF: p. 24

68. Which word best describes England's efforts in the 1500s to compete with the Spanish Empire?

a.	Indifferent
b.	Competitive
c.	Aggressive
d.	Domineering
e.	Influential

ANS: A REF: p. 24

69. Identify the statement that is false.

a.	England took little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies in the first half of the 16th century.
b.	English society was disrupted by religious conflict when King Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic Church in the 1530s.
c.	The Protestant Reformation resulted in years of a seesaw of the balance of power between Catholics and Protestants throughout England.
d.	Spain and England were long-time and bitter enemies in the first half of the 16th century.
e.	When Elizabeth ascended to the English throne in 1558, the rivalry with Spain intensified.

ANS: D REF: p. 24

70. The English treatment of the Irish, under the reign of Elizabeth I, can best be described as

a.	firm but fair.
b.	better than their treatment of any English subjects.
c.	the prime example of salutary neglect.
d.	violent and unjust.
e.	supportive of their Catholic faith.

ANS: D REF: p. 24

71. Match each individual on the left with the correct phrase on the right.

A.	Francis Drake	1.	"sea dog" who plundered the treasure ships of the Spanish Main
B.	Walter Raleigh
C.	Humphrey Gilbert	2.	adventurer who tried but failed to establish a colony in Newfoundland
		3.	explorer whose voyage in 1498 established England's territorial claims in the New World
		4.	courtier whose colony at Roanoke Island was mysteriously abandoned in the 1580s
		5.	colonizer who helped establish tobacco as a cash crop in Georgia

a.	A-2, B-1, C-3
b.	A-1, B-4, C-2
c.	A-3, B-2, C-1
d.	A-4, B-3, C-2
e.	A-5, B-4, C-1

ANS: B REF: p. 25

72. Spain's dreams of empire began to fade with the

a.	War of Spanish Succession.
b.	defeat of the Spanish Armada.
c.	loss of Brazil.
d.	Treaty of Tordesillas.
e.	conquest of Mexico by Portugal.

ANS: B REF: p. 25

73. The first English attempt at colonization in 1585 was in

a.	Newfoundland.
b.	St. Augustine.
c.	Jamestown.
d.	Roanoke Island.
e.	Massachusetts Bay.

ANS: D REF: p. 25

74. England's defeat of the Spanish Armada

a.	led to a Franco-Spanish alliance that prevented England from establishing its own American colonies.
b.	allowed England to take control of Spain's American colonies.
c.	demonstrated that Spanish Catholicism was inferior to English Protestantism.
d.	helped to ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
e.	occurred despite weather conditions, which favored Spain.

ANS: D REF: p. 25-26

75. Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Reformation, (B) founding of Jamestown colony, (C) Restoration, (D) defeat of the Spanish Armada, and (E) colony of Georgia founded.

a.	A, B, C, D, E
b.	C, A, D, B, E
c.	D, A, B, C, E
d.	A, D, B, C, E
e.	E, D, A, C, B

ANS: D REF: p. 24-25 | p. 34-35

76. Identify the statement that is false.

a.	England's victory over the Spanish Armada helped ensure England's naval dominance in the North Atlantic.
b.	England never experienced any religious unity or stability as it continued to have years and years of bloody warfare over religious radicalism.
c.	England's victory over the Spanish Armada started England on its way to becoming master of the world oceans.
d.	England had a strong, unified national state under a popular monarch.
e.	England had a strong vibrant sense of nationalism and national destiny.

ANS: B REF: p. 25

77. The spirit of the English on the eve of colonization included all of the following except

a.	restlessness.
b.	limited patriotism.
c.	curiosity about the unknown.
d.	thirst for adventure.
e.	self-confidence.

ANS: B REF: p. 26

78. On the eve of its colonizing adventure, England possessed a

a.	unified national state.
b.	measure of religious unity.
c.	sense of nationalism.
d.	popular monarch.
e.	All of these

ANS: E REF: p. 26

79. All of the following were true of England as the 17th century opened up except

a.	a large population boom.
b.	enclosing crop lands, thus forcing small farmers off the land.
c.	increasing unemployment.
d.	economic depression hit, displacing thousands of farmers.
e.	desolate cities with a decreasing population.

ANS: E REF: p. 26

80. The ____ decreed that only eldest sons were eligible to inherit landed estates.

a.	ancestry laws
b.	laws of primogeniture
c.	joint-stock companies
d.	laws of inheritance
e.	treaty of the elders

ANS: B REF: p. 27

81. The financial means for England's first permanent colonization in America were provided by

a.	a joint-stock company.
b.	a royal proprietor.
c.	Queen Elizabeth II.
d.	the law of primogeniture.
e.	an expanding wool trade.

ANS: A REF: p. 27

82. All of the following provided motives for English colonization except

a.	unemployment.
b.	thirst for adventure.
c.	desire for markets.
d.	desire for religious freedom.
e.	need for a place to exploit slave labor.

ANS: E REF: p. 27

83. The Virginia Charter guaranteed that English settlers in the New World would

a.	receive land parcels of 40 acres each.
b.	enjoy freedom of religion.
c.	be entitled to establish a separate government from that of England.
d.	retain the rights of Englishmen.
e.	conduct trade only with England and those countries approved by the British government.

ANS: D REF: p. 27

84. The early years at Jamestown were mainly characterized by

a.	starvation, disease, and frequent Indian raids.
b.	economic prosperity.
c.	constant fear of Spanish invasion.
d.	major technological advancement.
e.	peace with the Native Americans.

ANS: A REF: p. 27

85. Despite an abundance of fish and game, early Jamestown settlers continued to starve because

a.	they had neither weapons nor fishing gear.
b.	their fear of Indians prevented them from venturing too far from the town.
c.	they were unaccustomed to fending for themselves and wasted time looking for gold.
d.	they lacked leaders to organize efficient hunting and fishing parties.
e.	there were not enough gentlemen to organize the work force.

ANS: C REF: p. 27

86. Captain John Smith's role at Jamestown can best be described as

a.	very limited.
b.	saving the colony from collapse.
c.	persuading the colonists to continue their hunt for gold.
d.	worsening the colonists' relationship with the Indians.
e.	reducing the terrible death toll.

ANS: B REF: p. 28

87. Chief Powhatan had Captain John Smith kidnapped in order to

a.	impress Smith with his power and show the Indian's desire for peace.
b.	demonstrate the Indians' desire for war.
c.	punish Smith for refusing to marry Pocahontas.
d.	hold him for a large ransom to be paid by King James.
e.	save the Virginia community from utter collapse.

ANS: A REF: p. 28

88. Pocahontas saved Captain John Smith by

a.	agreeing to marry him.
b.	interposing her head between his and his captor's clubs.
c.	pleading with her father on Smith's behalf.
d.	nursing him back to health after a battle with her tribe.
e.	All of these

ANS: B REF: p. 28

89. Of the four hundred settlers who managed to make it to Virginia, only sixty survived the "starving time" winter of

a.	1601-1602.
b.	1609-1610.
c.	1621-1622.
d.	1634-1635.
e.	1645-1646.

ANS: B REF: p. 28

90. When Lord De La Warr took control of Jamestown in 1610, he

a.	halted the rapid population decline.
b.	re-established better relations with the Indians.
c.	brought many Irish immigrants with him.
d.	died within a few months of his arrival.
e.	imposed a harsh military regime on the colony.

ANS: E REF: p. 28

91. Relations between the English colonists and the Powhatan were at first conciliatory, but remained tense, especially

a.	when the English attempted to capture all the Indians from his tribe.
b.	as the Indians attempted to assimilate into the English culture.
c.	as the starving colonists took to raiding Indian food supplies.
d.	when the Indians joined tribes in the Powhatan Confederacy to unite against the English.
e.	when Powhatan allied with the Spanish.

ANS: C REF: p. 29

92. A peace settlement ended the First Anglo-Powhatan War in 1614 by the

a.	marriage of Pocahontas to the colonist John Rolfe.
b.	mass killing of the entire Powhatan tribe.
c.	English agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the Powhatan tribe.
d.	Powhatan tribe agreeing to give up all land in Virginia to the English.
e.	agreement of John Rolfe and Pocahontas to divorce.

ANS: A REF: p. 29

93. The result of the Second Anglo-Powhatan War in 1644 can best be described as

a.	halting white settlement on the frontier.
b.	returning the Chesapeake Indians to their ancestral lands.
c.	making peaceful coexistence possible between the European and native peoples.
d.	ending any chance of assimilating the native peoples into Virginia society.
e.	bringing together areas of white and Indian settlement.

ANS: D REF: p. 29

94. After the Second Anglo-Powhatan War, the Powhatan tribe

a.	were banned from their ancestral lands by the 1646 peace treaty.
b.	were forced to live in separate designated areas away from white settlers.
c.	were isolated in an early form of what would become the reservation system.
d.	were considered extinct by the English in 1685.
e.	All of these

ANS: E REF: p. 29

95. Identify the statement that is false.

a.	The Powhatans were extremely resistant to European-borne maladies, unlike their other Indian counterparts.
b.	The Powhatans, despite their apparent cohesiveness, lacked the unity with which to make effective opposition to the well-organized whites.
c.	The Powhatans served no economic function for the Virginia colonists.
d.	Once the English settlers began growing their own food crops, the Powhatans had no valuable commodities to offer them in commerce.
e.	The Indian presence frustrated the colonists, they desperately wanted their land.

ANS: A REF: p. 29

96. The native peoples of Virginia (Powhatans) succumbed to the Europeans because they

a.	died in large numbers from European diseases.
b.	lacked the unity necessary to resist the well-organized whites.
c.	were no longer a resource for food once the Virginians began growing their own crops.
d.	were not a reliable labor source and could be disposed of without harming the colonial economy.
e.	All of these

ANS: E REF: p. 29

97. The introduction of horses brought about significant change in the lives of the Lakotas; from this they

a.	were forced to move to the west.
b.	became sedentary forest dwellers.
c.	died out.
d.	lost their oral traditions.
e.	became nomadic hunters.

ANS: E REF: p. 30

98. The biggest disrupter of Native American life was

a.	introduction of horses.
b.	loss of culture.
c.	disease.
d.	fire arms.
e.	the formation of new tribes.

ANS: C REF: p. 30

99. The Indians who had the greatest opportunity to adapt to the European incursion were

a.	those living on the Atlantic seaboard.
b.	those in Florida.
c.	inland tribes such as the Algonquians.
d.	those in Latin America.
e.	the Pueblos.

ANS: C REF: p. 31

100. The cultivation of tobacco in Jamestown resulted in all of the following except

a.	the destruction of the soil.
b.	a great demand for controlled labor.
c.	soaring prosperity in the colony.
d.	diversification of the colony's economy.
e.	the broad-acred plantation system.

ANS: D REF: p. 31

101. After the purchases of slaves in 1619 by Jamestown settlers, additional purchases of Africans were few because

a.	they were poor workers.
b.	many colonists were morally opposed to slavery.
c.	their labor was not needed.
d.	indentured servants refused to work with them.
e.	they were too costly.

ANS: E REF: p. 31

102. In 1650, Virginia counted only 300 blacks in its population, although by the end of the century, blacks, most of them enslaved, made up approximately ____ percent of the colony's population.

a.	6
b.	14
c.	25
d.	56
e.	73

ANS: B REF: p. 31-32

103. The summoning of Virginia's House of Burgesses marked an important precedent because it

a.	failed.
b.	was abolished by King James I.
c.	was the first of many miniature parliaments to flourish in America.
d.	forced King James I to revoke the colony's royal charter and grant it self-government.
e.	allowed the seating of nonvoting Native Americans.

ANS: C REF: p. 32

104. A major reason for the founding of the Maryland colony in 1634 was to

a.	establish a defensive buffer against Spanish colonies in the South.
b.	be financially profitable and create a refuge for the Catholics.
c.	help the Protestants, by giving them a safe haven.
d.	allow Lord Baltimore to keep all the land for himself.
e.	repudiate the feudal way of life.

ANS: B REF: p. 32

105. Despite its problems, Maryland prospered, and like Virginia it

a.	relied exclusively on African slave labor.
b.	remained a strong center of cotton production in the South.
c.	depended for labor in its early years mainly on white indentured servants.
d.	supplied the world's largest supply of beans and corn to Europe.
e.	remained a progressive state dedicated to social and economic equality of all its citizens.

ANS: C REF: p. 32

106. At the outset, Lord Baltimore allowed some religious toleration in the Maryland colony because he

a.	hoped to secure freedom of worship for his fellow Catholics.
b.	was a committed atheist.
c.	wanted the colony's Jews to be able to practice their faith.
d.	hoped to maintain a Catholic majority.
e.	was asked to do so by the king.

ANS: A REF: p. 32

107. In 1649, Maryland's Act of Toleration

a.	was issued by Lord Baltimore.
b.	abolished the death penalty previously given to those who denied the divinity of Jesus.
c.	gave freedom only to Catholics.
d.	protected Jews and atheists.
e.	guaranteed toleration to all Christians.

ANS: E REF: p. 32

108. Tobacco was considered a poor man's crop because

a.	it could be produced easily and quickly.
b.	it was smoked by the lower class.
c.	the poor were used to plant and harvest it.
d.	it could be purchased at a low price.
e.	it required complicated processing.

ANS: A REF: p. 32

109. Sugar was called a rich man's crop for all of the following reasons except that

a.	it had to be planted extensively.
b.	it required the clearing of much land.
c.	its commercial version could be purchased only by the wealthy.
d.	it required an elaborate refining process.
e.	it was a capital-intensive business.

ANS: C REF: p. 32-33

110. Under the Barbados slave code, slaves were

a.	guaranteed the right to marry.
b.	denied the most fundamental rights.
c.	protected from the most vicious punishments.
d.	given the opportunity to purchase their freedom.
e.	assigned specific monetary value.

ANS: B REF: p. 33

111. What would happen to slaves who attempted to fight back against physical assaults by white men, according to the 1661 Barbados slave code?

a.	They would be severely whipped.
b.	They would have their noses cut.
c.	They would be burned with a hot iron.
d.	They could be killed or dismembered, with no charges brought to the master responsible.
e.	All of these

ANS: E REF: p. 33

112. By about 1700, black slaves outnumbered white settlers in the English West Indies by nearly

a.	two to one.
b.	three to one.
c.	four to one.
d.	six to one.
e.	ten to one.

ANS: C REF: p. 33

113. The statutes governing slavery in the North American colonies originated in

a.	England.
b.	Virginia.
c.	Brazil.
d.	Barbados.
e.	Spain.

ANS: D REF: p. 33-34

114. The colony of South Carolina prospered

a.	by developing close economic ties with the British West Indies.
b.	only after Georgia was established.
c.	as a result of the importation of Indian slaves.
d.	because of its thriving shipbuilding industry.
e.	under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.

ANS: A REF: p. 34

115. Two major exports of the Carolinas were

a.	rice and Indian slaves.
b.	sugar and corn.
c.	tobacco and furs.
d.	black slaves and cotton.
e.	sugar and cotton.

ANS: A REF: p. 35

116. Some Africans became especially valuable as slaves in the Carolinas because they

a.	had experience working in dry, desert-like areas.
b.	were experienced in rice cultivation.
c.	were knowledgeable regarding cotton production.
d.	exhibited skill as soldiers.
e.	were skilled fishermen.

ANS: B REF: p. 35

117. The busiest seaport in the southern colonies was

a.	St. Augustine.
b.	Jamestown.
c.	Savannah.
d.	Baltimore.
e.	Charleston.

ANS: E REF: p. 35

118. North Carolina and Rhode Island were similar in that they

a.	were very aristocratic.
b.	exercised no independent prerogative.
c.	depended on trade with Spain.
d.	were the two most democratic colonies.
e.	were founded by Roger Williams.

ANS: D REF: p. 35

119. The inhabitants of North Carolina were regarded by their neighbors as

a.	hostile and violent.
b.	too submissive to authority.
c.	outcasts and irreligious.
d.	far too friendly with Spain.
e.	too Catholic.

ANS: C REF: p. 35

120. The attitude of Carolinians toward Indians can best be described as

a.	friendly.
b.	neutral.
c.	hostile.
d.	promoting interracial marriage.
e.	None of these

ANS: C REF: p. 35

121. The colony of Georgia was founded

a.	by a joint-stock company.
b.	as a defensive buffer against Spain for the valuable Carolinas.
c.	by eight proprietors chosen by Charles II.
d.	in the seventeenth century.
e.	to supply New England with much-needed African slaves.

ANS: B REF: p. 38

122. Georgia's founders were determined to

a.	conquer Florida and add it to Britain's empire.
b.	create a haven for people imprisoned for debt.
c.	keep Georgia for Catholics.
d.	restrict the colony to British citizens.
e.	establish slavery.

ANS: B REF: p. 38

123. Georgia grew very slowly for all of the following reasons except

a.	its unhealthy climate.
b.	early restrictions on black slavery.
c.	Spanish attacks.
d.	John Oglethorpe's leadership.
e.	lack of a plantation economy.

ANS: D REF: p. 38

124. The purpose of the periodic "mourning wars" was

a.	to avenge the deaths of Huron warriors.
b.	to stop the spread of European settlements.
c.	the result of diplomatic failures among the Indians.
d.	to break up the Iroquois Confederacy.
e.	the large-scale adoption of captives and refugees.

ANS: E REF: p. 37

125. The Iroquois leader who helped his nation revive its old customs was

a.	Powhatan.
b.	Handsome Lake.
c.	Pocahontas.
d.	De La Warr.
e.	Pontiac.

ANS: B REF: p. 37

126. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about Iroquois society?

a.	Two families would live together in one longhouse.
b.	When a man married, he moved into the home of his wife and her family.
c.	Women dominated Iroquois society.
d.	All men's connections and positions of prominence came from the maternal line.
e.	Five nations joined together to form the Iroquois Confederacy but maintained their independence.

ANS: C REF: p. 37

127. In the face of devastating diseases, war and dislocation, what strategy did dwindling Native American tribes use to survive?

a.	Poisoning food supplies of colonists encroaching on tribal lands
b.	Adding captive colonists as tribal members to increase their numbers
c.	Merging with other tribes
d.	Embracing the reservation system
e.	Converting to Christianity

ANS: C REF: p. 30 | p. 38

128. Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia were similar in that they were all

a.	economically devoted to exporting commercial agricultural products, often a staple crop.
b.	proprietary colonies.
c.	founded after the restoration of Charles II to the throne.
d.	founded as refuges for persecuted religious sects in England.
e.	able to live in peace with the Native Americans.

ANS: A REF: p. 38

129. By 1750, all the southern plantation colonies

a.	based their economies on the production of staple crops for export.
b.	practiced slavery.
c.	provided tax support for the Church of England.
d.	had few large cities.
e.	All of these

ANS: E REF: p. 38

130. Arrange the following events in chronological order: the founding of (A) Georgia, (B) the Carolinas, (C) Virginia, and (D) Maryland.

a.	A, C, B, D
b.	B, D, C, A
c.	C, D, B, A
d.	D, C, B, A
e.	C, B, A, D

ANS: C REF: p. 34

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

131. During the 1500s, England had little interest in establishing its own overseas colonies because

a.	it was Spain's ally.
b.	it suffered from internal religious conflict.
c.	the French had already established their presence overseas.
d.	Henry VIII did not seek to increase England's power.
e.	the English did not have incentives to go overseas.

ANS: A, B REF: p. 24

132. Originally, the Virginia Company intended to

a.	find a passage through America to the Indies.
b.	grow rice as a cash crop.
c.	guarantee its settlers the same rights as other English citizens.
d.	realize a quick profit from its investment.
e.	search for gold.

ANS: A, C, D, E REF: p. 27

133. In American history, 1619 is important because in that year

a.	blacks from Africa first arrived in English America.
b.	tobacco was first cultivated in Jamestown.
c.	the House of Burgesses was established for the Virginia colony.
d.	Jamestown was founded.
e.	Puritans arrived in Massachusetts Bay.

ANS: A, C REF: p. 31-32

134. Like Virginia, Maryland

a.	cultivated tobacco on plantations.
b.	was founded as a religious refuge.
c.	created a high demand for labor.
d.	was founded by a joint-stock company.
e.	had a house of Burgesses.

ANS: A, C REF: p. 32

ESSAY

135. What lessons do you think English colonists learned from their early Jamestown experience? Focus on matters of fulfilling expectations, financial support, leadership skills, and relations with the Indians. What specific developments illustrate that the English living in the plantation colonies tried to apply these lessons?

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

136. In many ways, North Carolina was the least typical of the five plantation colonies. Describe the unique features of colonial North Carolina, and explain why this colony was so unlike its southern neighbors.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

137. Write your definition of progress. Then use this definition to demonstrate that the discovery of America did or did not lead to progress in human history.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

138. Analyze the contribution to European expansion by two of the following developments:

Renaissance thought

Search for new trade routes

New development in technology

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

139. Rank the items in the following list, starting with the one that you think had the most important consequences. Then justify your ranking. Finally, speculate as to what might have happened had these events not occurred.

a.	The cultivation of tobacco in Virginia
b.	The introduction of slavery into the plantation colonies
c.	The "enclosing" of croplands in England

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

140. Compare and contrast the ways in which tobacco and sugar affected the social and economic development of colonial America.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

141. Discuss English treatment of the Irish and its consequences.

ANS:

Student answers will vary.

142. Assess the validity of the following statement, by the end of the sixteenth century "Spain had overreached itself, sowing the seeds of its own decline."

ANS:

Student answers will vary.